Why does the conductivity of a solution decrease with dilution?

 Conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to allow an electric current through it. The higher the conductivity, the more easily electrons can flow. Solutions are made up of particles that are able to move around, and these particles can carry electric charge. When a solution is diluted, the number of particles per unit volume decreases. This means that there are fewer particles available to carry charge, and the conductivity of the solution decreases.

One reason that diluting a solution can decrease its conductivity is that the ions in the solution become more spread out. When a solution is more concentrated, the ions are closer together and can more easily collide and exchange electrons. When the solution is diluted, the ions are farther apart and collisions are less likely. This means that there are fewer electrons available to flow and the conductivity decreases. Another reason that diluting a solution can decrease its conductivity is that the solvent molecules can get in the way of the ions. In a more concentrated solution, the solvent molecules are farther apart and the ions can move around more easily. When the solution is diluted, the solvent molecules are closer together and they can block the movement of the ions. This also decreases the number of electrons available to flow and the conductivity decreases